mongodb 的安装
>> wget mongodb相应系统的链接
>> tar -zxvf 压缩包
>> #配置环境变量
>> vi /etc/profile
我这里没有使用mongo.conf,配置文件在启动mongod 的使用要指定位置
启动mongo
# 指定data的存放地点和log的存放地点以及开启用户权限
>> mongod -dbpath=/data/mdb --fork --port 27017 --logpath=/opt/logs/mongodb.log --logappend --auth
把该命令放到开机启动
>> vi /etc/rc.local
mongodb的使用
用户权限
因为开启了数据库用户认证，所以当我们使用show dbs 命令时会发现多了一个admin库，没开认证这个库是不存在的。MongoDB默认是不认证的，默认没有账号，只要能连接上服务就可以对数据库进行各种操作，mongodb认为安全最好的方法就是在一个可信的环境中运行它，保证之后可信的机器才能访问它，注意一点，帐号是跟着库走的，所以在指定库里授权，必须也在指定库里验证(auth)。
# admin创建一个root用户
> use admin
switched to db admin
> db.createUser({user:'root',pwd:'123456',roles:['userAdminAnyDatabase']});
注意：：新版的mongodb已经不支持addUser方法了。改成createUser了。
==createUser==()函数各个字段解释：
user：用户名
pwd：密码
cusomData：为任意内容，例如可以为用户全名介绍；
roles：指定用户的角色，可以用一个空数组给新用户设定空角色；在roles字段,可以指定内置角色和用户定义的角色。role里的角色可以选：
内置角色：
1. 数据库用户角色：read、readWrite;
2. 数据库管理角色：dbAdmin、dbOwner、userAdmin；
3. 集群管理角色：clusterAdmin、clusterManager、clusterMonitor、hostManager；
4. 备份恢复角色：backup、restore；
5. 所有数据库角色：readAnyDatabase、readWriteAnyDatabase、userAdminAnyDatabase、dbAdminAnyDatabase
6. 超级用户角色：root
// 这里还有几个角色间接或直接提供了系统超级用户的访问（dbOwner 、userAdmin、userAdminAnyDatabase）
7. 内部角色：__system
1. Read：允许用户读取指定数据库
2. readWrite：允许用户读写指定数据库
3. dbAdmin：允许用户在指定数据库中执行管理函数，如索引创建、删除，查看统计或访问system.profile
4. userAdmin：允许用户向system.users集合写入，可以找指定数据库里创建、删除和管理用户
5. clusterAdmin：只在admin数据库中可用，赋予用户所有分片和复制集相关函数的管理权限。
6. readAnyDatabase：只在admin数据库中可用，赋予用户所有数据库的读权限
7. readWriteAnyDatabase：只在admin数据库中可用，赋予用户所有数据库的读写权限
8. userAdminAnyDatabase：只在admin数据库中可用，赋予用户所有数据库的userAdmin权限
9. dbAdminAnyDatabase：只在admin数据库中可用，赋予用户所有数据库的dbAdmin权限。
10. root：只在admin数据库中可用。超级账号，超级权限
查看用户
> use admin
switched to db admin
> db.auth('root','root')
1
> show users;
{
"_id" : "admin.root",
"user" : "root",
"db" : "admin",
"roles" : [
{
"role" : "userAdminAnyDatabase",
"db" : "admin"
}
]
}
>
创建数据库
> use newdatebase
switched to db newdatebase
>
此时并没有创建好数据库，需要向数据库中插入一些数据才能在show dbs 显示数据库
> db.test.save({username:'lasfsd',pwd:'sdfsd"});
一些其他命令
这里就不介绍了，使用help 命令查看mongodb的命令
> help
db.help() help on db methods
db.mycoll.help() help on collection methods
sh.help() sharding helpers
rs.help() replica set helpers
help admin administrative help
help connect connecting to a db help
help keys key shortcuts
help misc misc things to know
help mr mapreduce
show dbs show database names
show collections show collections in current database
show users show users in current database
show profile show most recent system.profile entries with time >= 1ms
show logs show the accessible logger names
show log [name] prints out the last segment of log in memory, 'global' is default
use <db_name> set current database
db.foo.find() list objects in collection foo
db.foo.find( { a : 1 } ) list objects in foo where a == 1
it result of the last line evaluated; use to further iterate
DBQuery.shellBatchSize = x set default number of items to display on shell
exit quit the mongo shell
> db.help()
DB methods:
db.adminCommand(nameOrDocument) - switches to 'admin' db, and runs command [ just calls db.runCommand(...) ]
db.auth(username, password)
db.cloneDatabase(fromhost)
db.commandHelp(name) returns the help for the command
db.copyDatabase(fromdb, todb, fromhost)
db.createCollection(name, { size : ..., capped : ..., max : ... } )
db.createView(name, viewOn, [ { $operator: {...}}, ... ], { viewOptions } )
db.createUser(userDocument)
db.currentOp() displays currently executing operations in the db
db.dropDatabase()
db.eval() - deprecated
db.fsyncLock() flush data to disk and lock server for backups
db.fsyncUnlock() unlocks server following a db.fsyncLock()
db.getCollection(cname) same as db['cname'] or db.cname
db.getCollectionInfos([filter]) - returns a list that contains the names and options of the db's collections
db.getCollectionNames()
db.getLastError() - just returns the err msg string
db.getLastErrorObj() - return full status object
db.getLogComponents()
db.getMongo() get the server connection object
db.getMongo().setSlaveOk() allow queries on a replication slave server
db.getName()
db.getPrevError()
db.getProfilingLevel() - deprecated
db.getProfilingStatus() - returns if profiling is on and slow threshold
db.getReplicationInfo()
db.getSiblingDB(name) get the db at the same server as this one
db.getWriteConcern() - returns the write concern used for any operations on this db, inherited from server object if set
db.hostInfo() get details about the server's host
db.isMaster() check replica primary status
db.killOp(opid) kills the current operation in the db
db.listCommands() lists all the db commands
db.loadServerScripts() loads all the scripts in db.system.js
db.logout()
db.printCollectionStats()
db.printReplicationInfo()
db.printShardingStatus()
db.printSlaveReplicationInfo()
db.dropUser(username)
db.repairDatabase()
db.resetError()
db.runCommand(cmdObj) run a database command. if cmdObj is a string, turns it into { cmdObj : 1 }
db.serverStatus()
db.setLogLevel(level,<component>)
db.setProfilingLevel(level,<slowms>) 0=off 1=slow 2=all
db.setWriteConcern( <write concern doc> ) - sets the write concern for writes to the db
db.unsetWriteConcern( <write concern doc> ) - unsets the write concern for writes to the db
db.setVerboseShell(flag) display extra information in shell output
db.shutdownServer()
db.stats()
db.version() current version of the server
>
如果想更多的命令，则在集合名后面再加help()
> db.test.help()
DBCollection help
db.test.find().help() - show DBCursor help
db.test.bulkWrite( operations, <optional params> ) - bulk execute write operations, optional parameters are: w, wtimeout, j
db.test.count( query = {}, <optional params> ) - count the number of documents that matches the query, optional parameters are: limit, skip, hint, maxTimeMS
db.test.copyTo(newColl) - duplicates collection by copying all documents to newColl; no indexes are copied.
db.test.convertToCapped(maxBytes) - calls {convertToCapped:'test', size:maxBytes}} command
db.test.createIndex(keypattern[,options])
db.test.createIndexes([keypatterns], <options>)
db.test.dataSize()
db.test.deleteOne( filter, <optional params> ) - delete first matching document, optional parameters are: w, wtimeout, j
db.test.deleteMany( filter, <optional params> ) - delete all matching documents, optional parameters are: w, wtimeout, j
db.test.distinct( key, query, <optional params> ) - e.g. db.test.distinct( 'x' ), optional parameters are: maxTimeMS
db.test.drop() drop the collection
db.test.dropIndex(index) - e.g. db.test.dropIndex( "indexName" ) or db.test.dropIndex( { "indexKey" : 1 } )
db.test.dropIndexes()
db.test.ensureIndex(keypattern[,options]) - DEPRECATED, use createIndex() instead
db.test.explain().help() - show explain help
db.test.reIndex()
db.test.find([query],[fields]) - query is an optional query filter. fields is optional set of fields to return.
e.g. db.test.find( {x:77} , {name:1, x:1} )
db.test.find(...).count()
db.test.find(...).limit(n)
db.test.find(...).skip(n)
db.test.find(...).sort(...)
db.test.findOne([query], [fields], [options], [readConcern])
db.test.findOneAndDelete( filter, <optional params> ) - delete first matching document, optional parameters are: projection, sort, maxTimeMS
db.test.findOneAndReplace( filter, replacement, <optional params> ) - replace first matching document, optional parameters are: projection, sort, maxTimeMS, upsert, returnNewDocument
db.test.findOneAndUpdate( filter, update, <optional params> ) - update first matching document, optional parameters are: projection, sort, maxTimeMS, upsert, returnNewDocument
db.test.getDB() get DB object associated with collection
db.test.getPlanCache() get query plan cache associated with collection
db.test.getIndexes()
db.test.group( { key : ..., initial: ..., reduce : ...[, cond: ...] } )
db.test.insert(obj)
db.test.insertOne( obj, <optional params> ) - insert a document, optional parameters are: w, wtimeout, j
db.test.insertMany( [objects], <optional params> ) - insert multiple documents, optional parameters are: w, wtimeout, j
db.test.mapReduce( mapFunction , reduceFunction , <optional params> )
db.test.aggregate( [pipeline], <optional params> ) - performs an aggregation on a collection; returns a cursor
db.test.remove(query)
db.test.replaceOne( filter, replacement, <optional params> ) - replace the first matching document, optional parameters are: upsert, w, wtimeout, j
db.test.renameCollection( newName , <dropTarget> ) renames the collection.
db.test.runCommand( name , <options> ) runs a db command with the given name where the first param is the collection name
db.test.save(obj)
db.test.stats({scale: N, indexDetails: true/false, indexDetailsKey: <index key>, indexDetailsName: <index name>})
db.test.storageSize() - includes free space allocated to this collection
db.test.totalIndexSize() - size in bytes of all the indexes
db.test.totalSize() - storage allocated for all data and indexes
db.test.update( query, object[, upsert_bool, multi_bool] ) - instead of two flags, you can pass an object with fields: upsert, multi
db.test.updateOne( filter, update, <optional params> ) - update the first matching document, optional parameters are: upsert, w, wtimeout, j
db.test.updateMany( filter, update, <optional params> ) - update all matching documents, optional parameters are: upsert, w, wtimeout, j
db.test.validate( <full> ) - SLOW
db.test.getShardVersion() - only for use with sharding
db.test.getShardDistribution() - prints statistics about data distribution in the cluster
db.test.getSplitKeysForChunks( <maxChunkSize> ) - calculates split points over all chunks and returns splitter function
db.test.getWriteConcern() - returns the write concern used for any operations on this collection, inherited from server/db if set
db.test.setWriteConcern( <write concern doc> ) - sets the write concern for writes to the collection
db.test.unsetWriteConcern( <write concern doc> ) - unsets the write concern for writes to the collection
db.test.latencyStats() - display operation latency histograms for this collection
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